Publications

@article{Dai2025,

title = {The internal and external cost of motor vehicle crashes},

author = {Shian Dai and Liqiang Yu and Zhaoran Liu and Mengying Cui and David Levinson},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-89058-1},

issn = {2045-2322},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-12-00},

journal = {Sci Rep},

volume = {15},

number = {1},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {Abstract

          Crash cost estimates are essential for evaluating road safety management policies and assessing the economic benefits of safety improvements. Existing studies often rely on aggregated crash data, assuming an even distribution of incidents, which overlooks significant spatial variations influenced by road characteristics and traffic conditions. This research presents a methodological framework for link-based crash cost analysis that considers both internal and external costs, enabling detailed quantification at a localized level. By employing safety performance functions and ordered probit models, we estimate on-road crash rates by crash type and injury severity, distinguishing between internal costs borne by individuals involved in crashes and external costs that impact victims, insurers, and government agencies. This framework is applied to the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area for a proof-of-concept. Our findings reveal that the costs incurred by drivers are higher than those imposed on others, and that highways are generally safer than surface streets. However, these crash costs are too low compared to the value of travel time to significantly influence route choices, even when drivers are aware of these costs. To enhance effective decision-making, related policies should consider offering incentives for safe driving practices. Future research on the practical applications of this framework is encouraged to maintain a dynamic dataset that reflects ongoing changes in road safety conditions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mann2025,

title = {Valuing travel time and reliability from emerging connected vehicle data},

author = {Isaac Mann and David M. Levinson},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecotra.2025.100427},

issn = {2212-0122},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-12-00},

journal = {Economics of Transportation},

volume = {44},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rana2025,

title = {Housing inequalities and health outcomes among migrant and refugee populations in high-income countries: a mixed-methods systematic review},

author = {Kritika Rana and Jennifer L. Kent and Andrew Page},

doi = {10.1186/s12889-025-22186-5},

issn = {1471-2458},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-12-00},

journal = {BMC Public Health},

volume = {25},

number = {1},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {Abstract

          

            Background

            Migrant and refugee populations are disproportionately affected by the housing crises reportedly impacting high-income countries around the globe. However, the health implications of housing inequalities within these communities and contexts remain relatively understudied. This review aimed to synthesise the evidence on housing and health inequalities prevalent among migrant and refugee populations in high-income countries, and to identify the pathways linking housing inequalities and health outcomes.

          

          

            Methods

            This systematic review employed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for mixed-methods systematic reviews using a convergent integrated approach to synthesis and integration. Electronic database searches were conducted using Medline (OVID), Web of Science (ISI), Embase (OVID), PsycInfo (OVID), Scopus, and CINAHL (EBSCO), supplemented by grey literature searches on Google Scholar, MedNar, and WHOLIS. Eligible studies included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods designs focused on understanding how housing inequalities are associated with physical and mental health outcomes.

          

          

            Results

            A total of 65 studies published between 1995 and 2024 were included in this review, comprising 38 quantitative and 27 qualitative studies. Substandard housing conditions, such as overcrowding and poor ventilation, were consistently associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes, including respiratory illnesses and experiences of anxiety and depression. The type of housing tenure also impacted both physical and mental health, specifically living in inadequate rental housing as opposed to self-owned homes, was linked with poorer physical health and increased risk of mental health issues. Similarly, housing insecurity stemming from unstable housing situations and insecure tenancy, as well as neighbourhood conditions such as safety concerns and living in deprived neighbourhoods, led to the exacerbation of both physical and mental health issues. Furthermore, housing affordability challenges and decreased housing satisfaction were linked with poor mental health outcomes such as experiences of depression and psychological distress.

          

          

            Conclusions

            This review highlights the critical role of housing as a social determinant of health and wellbeing for migrant and refugee populations in high-income countries, along with highlighting the potential pathways through which housing inequalities impact physical and mental health outcomes. Ensuring access to adequate, affordable, and secure housing, while also improving neighbourhood conditions, is essential for improving the health and wellbeing of migrant and refugee populations.

          },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Soltani2025,

title = {Communication-free Distributed Control Algorithm for autonomous vehicles at intersections},

author = {Alireza Soltani and David M. Levinson and Mohsen Ramezani},

doi = {10.1016/j.trc.2025.105309},

issn = {0968-090X},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-11-00},

journal = {Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},

volume = {180},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Levinson2025b,

title = {Access Surplus: Valuing Accessibility by Integrating Opportunity Supply and Willingness to Pay},

author = {David Levinson and Isaac Mann},

doi = {10.32866/001c.144262},

issn = {2652-8800},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-10-07},

publisher = {Network Design Lab - Transport Findings},

abstract = {We introduce Access Surplus as a welfare measure that frames accessibility in a market-like form: the inverse cumulative cost to reach the next opportunity is the ‘supply,’ and the willingness to pay for one more choice is the ‘demand.’ The area where demand exceeds supply, up to a natural stop point, is Access Surplus . The metric avoids arbitrary cut-offs, is additive over residents, links clearly to project effects, and stays transparent when only origin–destination times and counts are available.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dong2025,

title = {Estimating the degree of architectural change from introduced innovations},

author = {Andy Dong and Cole Jetton and Somwrita Sarkar},

doi = {10.1007/s00163-025-00461-1},

issn = {1435-6066},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-10-00},

journal = {Res Eng Design},

volume = {36},

number = {4},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Levinson2025,

title = {Safety as Access},

author = {David Levinson},

doi = {10.32866/001c.144038},

issn = {2652-8800},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-11},

publisher = {Network Design Lab - Transport Findings},

abstract = {This paper extends the General Theory of Access by explicitly accounting for safety. Using a capability approach, we show how crash probability and severity systematically reduce lifecycle access via a severity-weighted impairment multiplier. The resulting safety-adjusted access can be monetised in appraisal, avoiding double counting relative to conventional Value of Statistical Life (VSL) methods.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kent2025c,

title = {Car-free not care-free – the social practices of parents without cars},

author = {Jennifer L. Kent},

doi = {10.1080/17450101.2024.2449517},

issn = {1745-011X},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-03},

journal = {Mobilities},

volume = {20},

number = {5},

pages = {888--906},

publisher = {Informa UK Limited},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pellegrini2025,

title = {Are users ready to accept fully flexible walking in on-demand mobility?},

author = {Andrea Pellegrini and Andres Fielbaum},

doi = {10.1016/j.trc.2025.105210},

issn = {0968-090X},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-00},

journal = {Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},

volume = {178},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fielbaum2025,

title = {Coordination costs in spatial matching: Assigned versus onsite transport modes},

author = {Andres Fielbaum},

doi = {10.1016/j.tra.2025.104556},

issn = {0965-8564},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-00},

journal = {Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},

volume = {199},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kent2025d,

title = {The Sector Effect: Differences between Public and Private School Travel in Australia},

author = {Jennifer L. Kent and Alexa Delbosc and Emily Moylan and Laya Hossein-Rashidi and Hulya Gilbert},

doi = {10.32866/001c.143589},

issn = {2652-8800},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-08-27},

publisher = {Network Design Lab - Transport Findings},

abstract = {School travel patterns intersect with broader concerns around child health, urban mobility, and environmental sustainability. In Australia, the steady decline in walking to school—and the parallel rise in car-based school trips—raises questions about the social and structural forces shaping these trends, and the need for transport research to consider a broader diversity of influences. A distinctive feature of the Australian education landscape is its exceptionally high rate of private school enrolment, currently around 37%. Yet, the implications of this schooling arrangement for children’s travel modes remain poorly understood. This paper presents an analysis of school travel for 6517 children across Australia, with particular attention to how educational sector may be influencing the prevalence of car-based commutes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kent2025,

title = {The Sector Effect: Differences between Public and Private School Travel in Australia},

author = {Jennifer L. Kent and Alexa Delbosc and Emily Moylan and Laya Hossein-Rashidi and Hulya Gilbert},

doi = {10.32866/001c.143589},

issn = {2652-8800},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-08-27},

publisher = {Network Design Lab - Transport Findings},

abstract = {School travel patterns intersect with broader concerns around child health, urban mobility, and environmental sustainability. In Australia, the steady decline in walking to school—and the parallel rise in car-based school trips—raises questions about the social and structural forces shaping these trends, and the need for transport research to consider a broader diversity of influences. A distinctive feature of the Australian education landscape is its exceptionally high rate of private school enrolment, currently around 37%. Yet, the implications of this schooling arrangement for children’s travel modes remain poorly understood. This paper presents an analysis of school travel for 6517 children across Australia, with particular attention to how educational sector may be influencing the prevalence of car-based commutes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rashidi2025,

title = {The impact of omitting key built environment factors on the potential health outcomes of active travel to school},

author = {Laya Hossein Rashidi and Jennifer L. Kent and Emily Moylan},

doi = {10.1016/j.jth.2025.102083},

issn = {2214-1405},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-08-00},

journal = {Journal of Transport & Health},

volume = {43},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kent2024,

title = {The car-free journey to, and through, parenthood},

author = {Jennifer L. Kent},

doi = {10.1007/s11116-024-10466-9},

issn = {1572-9435},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-08-00},

journal = {Transportation},

volume = {52},

number = {4},

pages = {1569--1592},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {Abstract

                  In the context of increasing urgency and interest in the need to reduce private car dependence, it is surprising that we know very little about people who choose to live without cars. This is particularly so for those living through life-stages, and in structural and cultural contexts, generally associated with private car use. Parenting children is one such life-stage. The common understanding is that the vulnerabilities and complexities associated with parenting are best attenuated by the autonomy, security and seclusion of the private car. Others, by choice or circumstance, parent by ‘altermobility’ – without the private car. Using data from in-depth interviews with car-free parents of young children in Sydney, Australia, this paper records how parents come to live without private cars in a city that is dominated by structures, cultures and expectations of private car use. It proposes travel trajectories based on past and present events, experiences and inclinations. In doing so, the paper exposes the sheer complexity of influences of the past on present and future mobility practices, calling into question linear understandings of travel socialisation and mobility biography research. Automobile childhoods, for example, do not necessarily produce car-dependent adults. And the onset of parenthood is not necessarily a time of increased private car attachment. In conclusion, the findings query assumptions about the impact of the early years of parenting on private car dependence, proposing that it is the child, not the infant, that cements the seemingly intractable bond between parenting and private car use.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rashidi2025b,

title = {The impact of omitting key built environment factors on the potential health outcomes of active travel to school},

author = {Laya Hossein Rashidi and Jennifer L. Kent and Emily Moylan},

doi = {10.1016/j.jth.2025.102083},

issn = {2214-1405},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-08-00},

journal = {Journal of Transport & Health},

volume = {43},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pamuditha2025,

title = {‘Numbers in Safety’ for Pedestrians in Melbourne},

author = {Vidumini Pamuditha and David Levinson},

doi = {10.32866/001c.141475},

issn = {2652-8800},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-07-03},

publisher = {Network Design Lab - Transport Findings},

abstract = {The ‘Safety in Numbers’ (SIN) phenomenon suggests that pedestrian presence enhances the safety conditions of a street or an intersection. The inverse relationship, which we call ‘Numbers in Safety’ (NIS), hypothesises that safer streets attract more pedestrians. This study tests the relationship using a panel regression analysis on six years (2014-2019) of data from 21 intersections in the Melbourne CBD. We find a consistent negative correlation between the changes in safety from the previous year and the current number of pedestrians, supporting the NIS hypothesis. An increase of one pedestrian fatal or serious injury crash at an intersection leads to nearly 139,000 fewer pedestrians in the following year.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Xian2025,

title = {High resolution bus lane performance evaluation from real time update data},

author = {Tingsen (Tim) Xian and John D. Nelson and Emily Moylan},

doi = {10.1016/j.trip.2025.101473},

issn = {2590-1982},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-07-00},

journal = {Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives},

volume = {32},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kent2025b,

title = {Car ownership through the parenting journey and beyond},

author = {Jennifer L. Kent},

doi = {10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101011},

issn = {2214-367X},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-07-00},

journal = {Travel Behaviour and Society},

volume = {40},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Roudnitski2025,

title = {The effect of policy regulations in the short-term rental platform market on long-term rental prices: A case study of Airbnb in Sydney},

author = {Alexei Roudnitski and Somwrita Sarkar},

doi = {10.1177/23998083251350410},

issn = {2399-8091},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-06-10},

journal = {Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science},

publisher = {SAGE Publications},

abstract = {This paper examines the impact of short-term rental platforms on long-term rental prices in Sydney, focusing on the time before and after the announcement and implementation of Short-Term Rental Accommodation (STRA) laws. Using a difference-in-differences (DiD) regression model, we find significant effects on long-term rental prices, explained by the before and after effects of the introduction of the STRA laws, controlling for neighborhood and housing market variables. Results show that the introduction of STRA laws is associated with a 2.73–3.55% increase in long-term rental prices. Additionally, each additional Airbnb per square kilometer increase was found to significantly raise rental prices by 0.02%. Other significant factors include the positive impact of the total number of rental bonds, which with a 1% increased has raised rents by 0.185–0.21%, and the local crime rate, which reduces rents by 0.033–0.042%. Our findings suggest that the STRA laws have negatively impacted the rental market, causing rents to rise. Although these regulations were intended to manage the effects of short-term rentals, they have in effect led to higher long-term rental prices, worsening housing affordability in Sydney. This effect can be attributed to the STRA laws restricting the number of days for which a short-term rental can be hired, instead of the number of dwellings, which leads to more dwellings moving out of the long-term rental market into the short-term market. Our findings emphasize the need for more balanced policies that ensure the benefits of short-term rental platforms do not come at the expense of affordable housing for residents in the long-term rental market.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Song2025,

title = {Improved spatial equity in healthcare access from novel logistics strategies},

author = {Changle Song and Mark Dennis and Brian Burns and David Levinson and Emily Moylan},

doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104178},

issn = {0966-6923},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-00},

journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},

volume = {125},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zhou2024,

title = {Intentional travel group and social network: Identification and dynamics during a pandemic},

author = {Mingzhi Zhou and Shuyu Lei and Jiangyue Wu and Hanxi Ma and David M Levinson and Jiangping Zhou},

doi = {10.1177/23998083241271453},

issn = {2399-8091},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-00},

journal = {Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science},

volume = {52},

number = {4},

pages = {823--840},

publisher = {SAGE Publications},

abstract = {Using multiday continuous smartcard data in 2020, we investigate group-based travel in Hong Kong metro system by identifying metro riders intentionally traveling in groups (ITGs). ITGs serve as our proxies for citywide physical social interactions. Considering ITG members are interrelated through group-based trips, we construct a social network (an ITG network) formed by ITGs to explore the network properties and structures of ITG activities. Examining ITGs both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, we measure the spatial patterns of ITGs and their dynamics across locales and over time. We find that the degree of the ITG network follows a heavy-tailed distribution. The network size and interconnections vary across time. Some ITG members are more influential vertices than others in maintaining the networks’ topological properties. We illustrate how new data and methods can be used to explore in-person interactions and social activity patterns in transit-reliant cities.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Song2025b,

title = {Improved spatial equity in healthcare access from novel logistics strategies},

author = {Changle Song and Mark Dennis and Brian Burns and David Levinson and Emily Moylan},

doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104178},

issn = {0966-6923},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-00},

journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},

volume = {125},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fielbaum2025b,

title = {Idle wage as a tool to regulate the relationship between ride-hailing platforms and drivers},

author = {Andres Fielbaum and David Salas and Ruilin Zhang and Francisco Castro},

doi = {10.1016/j.trc.2025.105113},

issn = {0968-090X},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-00},

journal = {Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},

volume = {174},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gao2025,

title = {The rise of trucks and the fall of throughput},

author = {Yang Gao and David Levinson},

doi = {10.1080/23249935.2025.2477817},

issn = {2324-9943},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-03-13},

journal = {Transportmetrica A: Transport Science},

pages = {1--28},

publisher = {Informa UK Limited},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zmudzki2025,

title = {Pre-hospital ECPR cost analysis and cost effectiveness modelling study},

author = {Fredrick Zmudzki and Brian Burns and Natalie Kruit and Changle Song and Emily Moylan and Hemal Vachharajani and Hergen Buscher and Timothy J. Southwood and Paul Forrest and Mark Dennis},

doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110488},

issn = {0300-9572},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-03-00},

journal = {Resuscitation},

volume = {208},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Cui2025,

title = {How do access and spatial dependency shape metro passenger flows},

author = {Mengying Cui and Lijie Yu and Shaoyu Nie and Zhe Dai and Ying-en Ge and David Levinson},

doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104069},

issn = {0966-6923},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-02-00},

journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},

volume = {123},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dai2025b,

title = {High-speed rail impacts on intercity accessibility: A multi-modal, multi-scalar networking approach},

author = {Zhe Dai and Mengying Cui and Kong Li and Lijie Yu and David Levinson},

doi = {10.1016/j.trc.2025.105006},

issn = {0968-090X},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-02-00},

journal = {Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},

volume = {171},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zhang2025,

title = {What do walking and e-hailing bring to scale economies in on-demand mobility?},

author = {Kenan Zhang and Javier Alonso-Mora and Andres Fielbaum},

doi = {10.1016/j.trb.2025.103156},

issn = {0191-2615},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-02-00},

journal = {Transportation Research Part B: Methodological},

volume = {192},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Beza2025,

title = {From lane-less to lane-free: Implications in the era of automated vehicles},

author = {Abebe Dress Beza and Zhuopeng Xie and Mohsen Ramezani and David Levinson},

doi = {10.1016/j.trc.2024.104898},

issn = {0968-090X},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-00},

journal = {Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},

volume = {170},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kundu2025,

title = {Benefits from a new transit line: Exploring the impact of rare users and spatially heterogeneous variations in intensity of use},

author = {Durba Kundu and Somwrita Sarkar and Emily Moylan},

doi = {10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100120},

issn = {1077-291X},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-00-00},

journal = {Journal of Public Transportation},

volume = {27},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kundu2025b,

title = {Benefits from a new transit line: Exploring the impact of rare users and spatially heterogeneous variations in intensity of use},

author = {Durba Kundu and Somwrita Sarkar and Emily Moylan},

doi = {10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100120},

issn = {1077-291X},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-00-00},

journal = {Journal of Public Transportation},

volume = {27},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zhang2024b,

title = {Gender, Weather, and Time of Day: Active Travel Observations in Greater Sydney},

author = {Yuting Zhang and Jingyi Shao and John D. Nelson and Jennifer L. Kent and Sotiris Vardoulakis},

doi = {10.32866/001c.127019},

issn = {2652-8800},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-16},

publisher = {Network Design Lab - Transport Findings},

abstract = {This paper examines how weather and time of day affect the way males and females use walking and cycling infrastructure in Sydney, Australia. Using observational data from three dedicated walking and cycling paths, the results show that more males than females engaged in walking and cycling, with cycling showing a greater gender disparity. While active travel volumes were influenced by weather and time of day, no significant gender differences were observed in how these factors affected the number of active travel users.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Luo2024,

title = {A Holistic Way to Understand the Determinants of Physical Activity in Urban New South Wales, Australia: A Codesigned Systems Mapping Project},

author = {Mengyun Luo and Binh Nguyen and Tracy Nau and Simon K. Chiu and Adrian Bauman and Louise Freebairn and William Bellew and Lucie Rychetnik and David T. Burns and Elizabeth A. Calleja and Lucy Corbett and Jennifer L. Kent and David R. Lubans and Anthony D. Okely and Catherine Sherrington and Anne Tiedemann and Ding Ding},

doi = {10.1123/jpah.2024-0359},

issn = {1543-5474},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-01},

volume = {21},

number = {12},

pages = {1325--1329},

publisher = {Human Kinetics},

abstract = {Background: To meet the World Health Organization goal of reducing physical inactivity by 15% by 2030, a multisectoral system approach is urgently needed to promote physical activity (PA). We report the process of and findings from a codesigned systems mapping project to present determinants of PA in the context of urban New South Wales, Australia. Methods: A participatory conceptual mapping workshop was held in May 2023 with 19 participants working in education, transportation, urban planning, community, health, and sport and recreation. Initial maps were developed and refined using online feedback from the participants. Interviews were conducted with 10 additional policymakers from relevant sectors to further refine the maps. Results: Two systems maps were cocreated, identifying over 100 variables influencing PA and their interconnections. Five settings emerged from the adults’ map—social and community, policy, built environment and transportation, health care, and workplace—and 4 for the young people’s map—family, school, transportation, and community and environment. The maps share similarities, such as regarding potential drivers within the transportation, community, and built environment sectors; however, the young people’s map has a specific focus on the school setting and the adults’ map on workplace and health care settings. Interviews with policymakers provided further unique insights into understanding and intervening in the PA system. Conclusions: This codesigned participatory systems mapping process, supplemented by stakeholder interviews, provided a unique opportunity to bring together stakeholders across sectors to understand the complexity within the PA system and begin to identify leverage points for tackling physical inactivity in New South Wales.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Levinson2024,

title = {Connected Institutions: Using Platform Powers to Advance Transport},

author = {David Levinson},

doi = {10.3390/urbansci8040245},

issn = {2413-8851},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-00},

journal = {Urban Science},

volume = {8},

number = {4},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {This perspective paper analyzes selected policy strategies for transforming transport. It identifies four primary objectives: enhance economic efficiency, increase equity, reduce negative externalities, and improve the user experience (4Es). It then develops the framework of persuasion, police, purse, and platform powers (4Ps), which are available to governments to implement change and pursue their objectives. In a series of cases, it illustrates those powers, particularly the underappreciated platform powers, the formation and promulgation of standards, which are themselves the key technology for connecting institutions, showing how the establishment of technical standards transforms existing transport and lays the groundwork for new opportunities.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Yu2024,

title = {Scheduling optimisation of alcohol test sites},

author = {Hongjun Yu and Emily Moylan and Mike Bambach and David Levinson and Mohsen Ramezani},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-63026-7},

issn = {2045-2322},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-00},

journal = {Sci Rep},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {AbstractDrink driving is an infamous factor in road crashes and fatalities. Alcohol testing is a major countermeasure, and random breath tests (RBTs) deter tested drivers and passersby (observers who are not tested). We propose a genetic algorithm (GA)-based RBT scheduling optimisation method to achieve maximal deterrence of drink driving. The RBT schedule denotes the daily plan of where, when, and for how long tests should occur in the road network. The test results (positive and negative) and observing drivers are considered in the fitness function. The limited testing resource capacity is modeled by a number of constraints that consider the total duration of tests, the minimum and maximum duration of a single test site, and the total number of test sites during the day. Clustering of the alcohol-related crash data is used to estimate the matrix for drink driving on the scheduled day. The crash data and traffic flow data from Victoria, Australia are analysed and used to describe sober/drink driving. A detailed synthetic example is developed and a significant improvement with 150% more positive results and 59% more overall tests is observed using the proposed scheduling optimisation method.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Xian2024,

title = {Bus arrival and departure time updates in the Greater Sydney Area},

author = {Tingsen Xian and Teck Kean Chin and Benjy Marks and John D. Nelson and Emily Moylan},

doi = {10.1038/s41597-024-03873-1},

issn = {2052-4463},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-00},

journal = {Sci Data},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Yu2024b,

title = {Scheduling optimisation of alcohol test sites},

author = {Hongjun Yu and Emily Moylan and Mike Bambach and David Levinson and Mohsen Ramezani},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-63026-7},

issn = {2045-2322},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-00},

journal = {Sci Rep},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {AbstractDrink driving is an infamous factor in road crashes and fatalities. Alcohol testing is a major countermeasure, and random breath tests (RBTs) deter tested drivers and passersby (observers who are not tested). We propose a genetic algorithm (GA)-based RBT scheduling optimisation method to achieve maximal deterrence of drink driving. The RBT schedule denotes the daily plan of where, when, and for how long tests should occur in the road network. The test results (positive and negative) and observing drivers are considered in the fitness function. The limited testing resource capacity is modeled by a number of constraints that consider the total duration of tests, the minimum and maximum duration of a single test site, and the total number of test sites during the day. Clustering of the alcohol-related crash data is used to estimate the matrix for drink driving on the scheduled day. The crash data and traffic flow data from Victoria, Australia are analysed and used to describe sober/drink driving. A detailed synthetic example is developed and a significant improvement with 150% more positive results and 59% more overall tests is observed using the proposed scheduling optimisation method.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fielbaum2024,

title = {Improving public transportation via line-based integration of on-demand ridepooling},

author = {Andres Fielbaum and Alejandro Tirachini and Javier Alonso-Mora},

doi = {10.1016/j.tra.2024.104289},

issn = {0965-8564},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-00},

journal = {Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},

volume = {190},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ng2024,

title = {From urban clusters to megaregions: mapping Australia’s evolving urban regions},

author = {Matthew Kok Ming Ng and Zahratu Shabrina and Somwrita Sarkar and Hoon Han and Christopher Pettit},

doi = {10.1007/s43762-024-00140-2},

issn = {2730-6852},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-00},

journal = {Comput.Urban Sci.},

volume = {4},

number = {1},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {AbstractThis study employs percolation theory to investigate the hierarchical organisation of Australian urban centres through the connectivity of their road networks. The analysis demonstrates how discrete urban clusters have developed into integrated regional entities, delineating the pivotal distance thresholds that regulate these urban transitions. The study reveals the interconnections between disparate urban clusters, shaped by their functional differentiation and historical development. Furthermore, the study identifies a dichotomy of urban agglomeration forces and a persistent spatial disconnection between Australia’s wider urban landscape. This highlights the interplay between urban densification and peripheral growth. It suggests the need for new thinking on potential integrated governance structures that bridge urban development with broader social and economic policies across regional and national scales. Additionally, the study emphasises the growing importance of national coordination in Australian urban development planning to ensure regional consistency, equity, and productivity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rayaprolu2024b,

title = {Transit modal complementarity: measuring the access provided by transfers},

author = {Hema Rayaprolu and David Levinson},

doi = {10.1007/s11116-024-10555-9},

issn = {1572-9435},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-30},

journal = {Transportation},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {AbstractThis research investigates the interactions among transit (public transport) modes by inferring complementarity from a comparison of access provided by various transit modal combinations over a period of 160 years. A unique historical dataset of transit networks and services including buses, trains, and trams, generated for the Greater Sydney region for a period spanning from 1855 to 2015 was used. Access to population was measured for each year by 11 different modal cases formed by combinations of the three transit modes at a spatially disaggregated level as well as the regional level. The changes in access provided by the different modal cases were compared temporally and spatially to infer complementarity among the modes. Throughout the study period, trains, buses, and trams (when available) were found to be highly sub-additive at the regional level. Spatial comparison of complementarity was also demonstrated for Sydney’s Central Business District as an example. Such an investigation of access by modal combinations is a useful planning tool to ensure equitable supply and to investigate transfer benefits and penalties.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kronmüller2023,

title = {Online flash delivery from multiple depots},

author = {Maximilian Kronmüller and Andres Fielbaum and Javier Alonso-Mora},

doi = {10.1080/19427867.2023.2278859},

issn = {1942-7875},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-25},

journal = {Transportation Letters},

volume = {16},

number = {10},

pages = {1188--1204},

publisher = {Informa UK Limited},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Shaer2024,

title = {Choosing to drive from alcohol serving establishments (ASEs)},

author = {Amin Shaer and Andres Fielbaum and David Levinson},

doi = {10.1080/15389588.2024.2379502},

issn = {1538-957X},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-16},

journal = {Traffic Injury Prevention},

volume = {25},

number = {8},

pages = {1013--1022},

publisher = {Informa UK Limited},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Shaer2024b,

title = {Choosing to drive from alcohol serving establishments (ASEs)},

author = {Amin Shaer and Andres Fielbaum and David Levinson},

doi = {10.1080/15389588.2024.2379502},

issn = {1538-957X},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-16},

journal = {Traffic Injury Prevention},

volume = {25},

number = {8},

pages = {1013--1022},

publisher = {Informa UK Limited},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Xie2024,

title = {Reduced-Scale Mobile Robots for Autonomous Driving Research},

author = {Zhuopeng Xie and Mohsen Ramezani and David Levinson},

doi = {10.1109/tits.2024.3426508},

issn = {1558-0016},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-00},

journal = {IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.},

volume = {25},

number = {11},

pages = {15367--15387},

publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fielbaum2024b,

title = {Are shared automated vehicles good for public- or private-transport-oriented cities (or neither)?},

author = {Andrés Fielbaum and Baiba Pudāne},

doi = {10.1016/j.trd.2024.104373},

issn = {1361-9209},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-00},

journal = {Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},

volume = {136},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fielbaum2024d,

title = {Design of mixed fixed-flexible bus public transport networks by tracking the paths of on-demand vehicles},

author = {Andres Fielbaum and Javier Alonso-Mora},

doi = {10.1016/j.trc.2024.104580},

issn = {0968-090X},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-00},

journal = {Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},

volume = {168},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}